Microneedling

Microneedling, also known as collagen induction therapy, is a minimally invasive dermatological procedure that involves using fine needles to create controlled micro-injuries in the skin. These micro-injuries trigger the body’s natural wound-healing processes, leading to increased production of collagen and elastin, which are crucial for maintaining healthy, youthful skin. The procedure is widely utilised to address various skin concerns, including acne scars, wrinkles, hyperpigmentation, and stretch marks. One of the key advantages of microneedling is its ability to stimulate skin rejuvenation while preserving the surrounding healthy tissue, resulting in quicker recovery and minimal downtime compared to other skin treatment techniques.

The versatility of microneedling allows it to be performed on almost any part of the body, though it is most commonly applied to the face, neck, and décolletage. Its growing popularity is attributed to its effectiveness, safety, and adaptability in treating dermatological issues.

The concept of microneedling can be traced back to ancient practices where sharp instruments were used for scar treatment and skin enhancement. However, the modern form of microneedling began in the early 1990s when Dr. Andre Camirand, a plastic surgeon, noticed that scars improved after patients underwent tattooing without pigment. This observation led to the development of techniques that utilised needles to stimulate collagen production. In 1997, Dr. Des Fernandes, a South African plastic surgeon, further advanced the field by creating the dermal roller, a cylindrical device embedded with fine needles, which became the forerunner of contemporary microneedling devices. The introduction of the dermal roller provided more consistent results and significantly contributed to the adoption of microneedling in cosmetic dermatology.

Over the past two decades, microneedling has evolved significantly, with technological advancements leading to the development of automated devices, radiofrequency microneedling, and combination therapies that have further enhanced its efficacy. Today, microneedling is a well-established and widely used treatment in aesthetic medicine, supported by a growing body of scientific research that validates its safety and effectiveness.

One of the most significant biological responses to microneedling is collagen induction. The micro-injuries initiate a wound-healing cascade, releasing growth factors and activating fibroblasts responsible for producing collagen and elastin. Research has demonstrated that microneedling enhances collagen deposition and reorganisation, improving skin texture and elasticity over time. In addition to collagen induction, microneedling promotes neo-vascularization or the formation of new blood vessels. This process enhances blood supply to the treated area, improving nutrient delivery and supporting the healing process. Increased vascularity contributes to healthier, more vibrant skin and improves the healing of scars and other skin lesions. Another significant advantage of microneedling is its ability to enhance transdermal drug delivery. The needles' micro-channels allow for better penetration of topical agents, such as serums containing vitamins or growth factors. This enhanced absorption can significantly increase the efficacy of these treatments, making microneedling a valuable adjunct in various dermatological therapies.

Microneedling has undergone significant advancements, with various techniques and devices developed to enhance its effectiveness and patient comfort. The three main types of microneedling devices include manual rollers, automated pen devices, and radiofrequency microneedling. Manual rollers are handheld devices equipped with a roller covered in fine needles. These rollers are designed to create controlled micro-injuries in the skin and are often used at home, making them a popular choice for individuals looking to improve their skin texture. However, while they can address mild skin concerns, their limited needle depth often makes them less effective than professional devices. In contrast, automated pen devices use a motorised mechanism to create thousands of microchannels in the skin, reaching depths up to 2.5 mm. This method allows for more precise treatment, effectively targeting scar tissue and promoting skin remodeling more efficiently than manual rollers. Lastly, radiofrequency microneedling combines traditional microneedling with radiofrequency energy, utilising thicker needles to deliver heat deep into the skin. This technique stimulates collagen production through thermal injury, improving skin tightening and texture with minimal downtime.

Before undergoing microneedling, several pre-procedure considerations are essential. You should provide your dermatologist with a comprehensive medical history, including details about any medications and allergies, to ensure safety and efficacy. Scheduling the treatment in advance is also important, as you may experience mild reactions and visible redness lasting a few days post-treatment. The microneedling procedure typically begins with applying a topical anesthetic to minimise discomfort. The selected device is then used to create small, controlled pricks across the treatment area, usually taking around 30 minutes. After the procedure, a soothing serum or lotion is often applied to cool the skin and enhance recovery. Post-procedure care is crucial for achieving optimal results. You are advised to use a gentle moisturiser and avoid harsh products or sun exposure for a few days following treatment. Proper sterilisation is essential for those using at-home derma rollers to prevent infection and ensure safety

Certain conditions may contraindicate microneedling. Patients with active skin infections, such as herpes simplex or impetigo, should treat these conditions before the procedure. Individuals with blood disorders, particularly those with clotting issues or those on anticoagulant therapy, should avoid microneedling. The safety of the procedure during pregnancy has not been established, so it is generally advised to postpone treatment until after childbirth. Additionally, individuals with a history of keloid scarring may be at increased risk for developing scars from the procedure.

One of the most exciting advancements in microneedling is the development of nanoneedling. This cutting-edge technique employs ultra-fine, nano-sized needles that create micro-channels with minimal trauma, thereby enhancing the delivery of therapeutic agents. Nanoneedling's ability to penetrate the skin with smaller, more controlled injuries may improve treatment outcomes for various skin conditions, including acne scars and hyperpigmentation. Its reduced invasiveness often results in shorter recovery times and less discomfort. Another promising area is the integration of microneedling with regenerative medicine techniques. Combining microneedling with stem cell treatments or PRP can amplify the body’s natural healing processes.

In conclusion, microneedling has emerged as a versatile and effective dermatological procedure with many applications, from treating acne scars and wrinkles to enhancing skin texture and tone. Its minimally invasive nature and ability to stimulate the body’s natural healing processes have made it a popular choice among clients and practitioners alike. The procedure's evolution, driven by advancements in technology and technique, has further enhanced its efficacy and safety profile, solidifying its role in modern aesthetic medicine. As research continues to explore new applications and refine existing methods, microneedling's potential for skin rejuvenation and beyond will likely expand, offering even greater benefits.

NOT MY OWN WORK. The above is taken from:

Jaiswal S, Jawade S. Microneedling in Dermatology: A Comprehensive Review of Applications, Techniques, and Outcomes. Cureus. 2024 Sep 23;16(9):e70033. doi: 10.7759/cureus.70033. PMID: 39449889; PMCID: PMC11499218.

Dermatology, Venereology and Leprosy, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education and Research, Wardha, IND and Dermatology, Venereology and Leprosy, Datta Meghe Medical College, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education and Research, Nagpur, IND