Though the top (up to) 20 layers of the skin are dead, that does not mean that they do not serve a purpose. That purpose is mainly two-fold. Firstly, it is designed to stop water (the "hydration" bit) getting out and secondly to help to stop germs getting in. Though it is always tempting to have fresh new skin to show the world, by doing so, we may be causing more harm to ourselves, than good.
Alpha Hydroxy Acids such as Glycolic Acid and Lactic Acid, as well as Beta Hydroxy Acid (salicylic acid) are very popular cleansers and exfoliators - and very good at their job, but like everything else, over-use can lead to skin issues.
There are also the enzyme exfoliants, including papaya and pineapple enzymes which are currently in fashion and advertised, extoling the virtues of plant-based skincare products, - their overuse can be equally as damaging. Try to stop using retinoids (vitamin A products) such as retinol and such variations. Also discontinue using vitamin A, Ascorbic Acid (vitamin C) and Kojic acid, used for skin lightening, for a while. Anything with a heavy fragrance can also upset your skin.
Some of the issues you may encounter include red, flakey or almost textured skin or more obvious pores and an increase in acne-type breakouts. As the outer stratum corneum (as the outer skin layers are termed) becomes thinner and so, weaker so skin problems may grow.
To begin recovery, oil-based and thicker products would be most helpful as some water-based products can irritate your skin when it is at a most vulnerable time. Some examples of helpful products at this time would be pure oils and balms. The best for daily use would be very simple moisturisers and those products with repairing properties. Though tempting, even hydrating products can increase rather than help damaged skin of this nature as we are trying to permit limited growth of the skin barrier, rather than hydrate.
Consider using ingredients that can help your skin recover. These may include Niacinamide and Panthenol. There are also soothing plant extracts such as Chamomile, oatmeal, Centella Asiatica and the make up of CA, such as Asiatic Acid, Aadecassic Acid and Asiaticoside to name a few. It is also suggested that you start off by using the product less often, for example, every few days rather than every day. Again, you can also wash off the product after a short while, say 10 minutes, instead of leaving it overnight.
Generally, if you are using any potentially irritating products, try to make sure that the rest of your products are very gentle. After your skin has recovered, you can go back to a (reduced) original regieme.
As with all that is written here, if you are in doubt or have concerns with regard to your skin condition, please - visit your chosen skin care professional.